Under HIPAA, what is required for the use or disclosure of protected health information (PHI) that is not explicitly permitted?

Under HIPAA, the use or disclosure of protected health information (PHI) that is not explicitly permitted requires signed authorization by the patient. The purpose of this authorization is to ensure that patients have control over their personal health information and to protect their privacy. When healthcare providers or organizations wish to use or disclose PHI for reasons outside the scope of treatment, payment, or healthcare operations—which are covered under the permitted uses of PHI—they must obtain clear and explicit permission from the patient in the form of a signed document. This requirement reflects HIPAA’s commitment to safeguarding patient privacy and empowers individuals regarding how their health information is used.

The other options do not meet the standards set by HIPAA. Verbal consent is often not sufficient as it lacks the formal documentation required by the law. Similarly, simply notifying the Department of Health does not provide the necessary patient-level consent required for such disclosures. Lastly, the idea that no requirement is necessary contradicts the fundamental intent of HIPAA, which is to protect patient privacy. Thus, signed authorization ensures that any use or disclosure beyond those explicitly permitted complies with regulatory standards and respects patient rights.